The long reign (1643–1715) of Louis XIV exemplified absolute
monarchical rule. His government endeavored to impose orderly
administration and to suppress religious dissent (through the
revocation of Protestant rights, 1685). His court was the center
of Europe's cultural and artistic life, a model for all European
monarchs and aristocrats. The king set the standard for literature
and the arts, as well as for the rules of polite social intercourse.
Peter the Great (r. 1682–1725) adopted many of the aesthetic
qualities of France cultivated under Louis for his new capital
at St. Petersburg, and for his palace Peterhof on the Gulf of
Finland.